Critical Mass: How One Thing Leads to Another

Cover
Macmillan, 2004 - 520 Seiten
Are there any "laws of nature" that influence the ways in which humans behave and organize themselves? In the seventeenth century, tired of the civil war ravaging England, Thomas Hobbes decided that he would work out what kind of government was needed for a stable society. His approach was based not on utopian wishful thinking but rather on Galileo's mechanics to construct a theory of government from first principles. His solution is unappealing to today's society, yet Hobbes had sparked a new way of thinking about human behavior in looking for the "scientific" rules of society.
Adam Smith, Immanuel Kant, Auguste Comte, and John Stuart Mill pursued this idea from different political perspectives. Little by little, however, social and political philosophy abandoned a "scientific" approach. Today, physics is enjoying a revival in the social, political and economic sciences. Ball shows how much we can understand of human behavior when we cease to try to predict and analyze the behavior of individuals and instead look to the impact of individual decisions-whether in circumstances of cooperation or conflict-can have on our laws, institutions and customs.
Lively and compelling, "Critical Mass" is the first book to bring these new ideas together and to show how they fit within the broader historical context of a rational search for better ways to live.
 

Inhalt

INTRODUCTION POLITICAL ARITHMETICK
3
1 RAISING LEVIATHAN The brutish world of Thomas Hobbes
9
2 LESSER FORCES The mechanical philosophy of matter
33
3 THE LAW OF LARGE NUMBERS Regularities from randomness
48
4 THE GRAND AHWHOOM Why some things happen all at once
80
5 ON GROWTH AND FORM The emergence of shape and organization
98
6 THE MARCH OF REASON Chance and necessity in collective motion
118
7 ON THE ROAD The inexorable dynamics of traffic
156
13 MULTITUDES IN THE VALLEY OF DECISION Collective influence and social change
295
14 THE COLONIZATION OF CULTURE Globalization diversity and synthetic societies
337
15 SMALL WORLDS Networks that bring us together
352
16 WEAVING THE WEB The shape of cyberspace
372
17 ORDER IN EDEN Learning to cooperate
402
18 PAVLOVS VICTORY Is reciprocity good for us?
429
19 TOWARD UTOPIA? Heaven hell and social planning
449
EPILOGUE CURTAIN CALL
467

8 RHYTHMS OF THE MARKETPLACE The shaky hidden hand of economics
178
9 AGENTS OF FORTUNE Why interaction matters to the economy
204
10 UNCOMMON PROPORTIONS Critical states and the power of the straight line
226
11 THE WORK OF MANY HANDS The growth of firms
250
12 JOIN THE CLUB Alliances in business and politics
270
Notes
471
Bibliography
489
Acknowledgments
503
Index
505
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